README This data file is published by the Movebank Data Repository (www.datarepository.movebank.org). As of the time of publication, a version of this published animal tracking dataset can be viewed on Movebank (www.movebank.org) in the study "Egyptian vultures in the Middle East and East Africa" (Movebank Study ID 9651291). Individual attributes in the data files are defined below, in the NERC Vocabulary Server at http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/MVB and in the Movebank Attribute Dictionary at www.movebank.org/node/2381. Metadata describing this data package are maintained at https://datacite.org. This published dataset contains data in the Movebank study "Egyptian vultures in the Middle East and East Africa" through 1 July 2019. The study is ongoing and newer data are available from the Movebank study. This data package includes the following data files: Egyptian vultures in the Middle East and East Africa_2012-2019-accessory.csv Egyptian vultures in the Middle East and East Africa_2012-2019-argos.csv Egyptian vultures in the Middle East and East Africa_2012-2019-gps.csv Egyptian vultures in the Middle East and East Africa_2012-2019-reference-data.csv Data package citation: Buechley ER, Şekercioğlu CH (2019) Data from: Satellite tracking a wide‐ranging endangered vulture species to target conservation actions in the Middle East and East Africa. Movebank Data Repository. https://doi.org/10.5441/001/1.385gk270 These data are described in the following written publications: Buechley ER, McGrady MJ, Çoban E, Şekercioğlu ÇH (2018) Satellite tracking a wide‐ranging endangered vulture species to target conservation actions in the Middle East and East Africa. Biodiversity and Conservation 27(9): 2293-2310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-018-1538-6 Phipps WL, López-López P, Buechley ER, Oppel S, Álvarez E, Arkumarev V, Bekmansurov R, Berger-Tal O, Bermejo A, Bounas A, Alanís IC, de la Puente J, Dobrev V, Duriez O, Efrat R, Fréchet G, García J, Galán M, García-Ripollés C, Gil A, Iglesias-Lebrija JJ, Jambas J, Karyakin IV, Kobierzycki E, Kret E, Loercher F, Monteiro A, Etxebarria JM, Nikolov SC, Pereira J, Peške L, Ponchon C, Realinho E, Saravia V, Şekercioğlu ÇH, Skartsi T, Tavares J, Teodósio J, Urios V, Vallverdú N (2019) Spatial and temporal variability in migration of a soaring raptor across three continents. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 7:323. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2019.00323 Buechley ER, Oppel S, Beatty WS, Nikolov SC, Dobrev V, Arkumarev V, Saravia V, Bougain C, Bounas A, Kret E, Skartsi T, Aktay L, Ahababyan K, Frehner E, Şekercioğlu ÇH (2018) Identifying critical migratory bottlenecks and high-use areas for an endangered migratory soaring bird across three continents. Journal of Avian Biology 49(7): e01629. https://doi.org/10.1111/jav.01629 ----------- Terms of Use This data file is licensed by the Creative Commons Zero (CC0 1.0) license. The intent of this license is to facilitate the re-use of works. The Creative Commons Zero license is a "no rights reserved" license that allows copyright holders to opt out of copyright protections automatically extended by copyright and other laws, thus placing works in the public domain with as little legal restriction as possible. However, works published with this license must still be appropriately cited following professional and ethical standards for academic citation. We highly recommend that you contact the data creator if possible if you will be re-using or re-analyzing data in this file. Researchers will likely be interested in learning about new uses of their data, might also have important insights about how to properly analyze and interpret their data, and/or might have additional data they would be willing to contribute to your project. Feel free to contact us at support@movebank.org if you need assistance contacting data owners. See here for the full description of this license http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0 ----------- Data Attributes These definitions come from the Movebank Attribute Dictionary, available at http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/MVB and www.movebank.org/node/2381. acceleration x: Acceleration values provided by the tag for the X axis. For acceleration values not in units of m/s^2, use 'acceleration raw x'. example: -0.125 units: m/s^2 entity described: event acceleration y: Acceleration values provided by the tag for the Y axis. For acceleration values not in units of m/s^2, use 'acceleration raw y'. example: -0.156 units: m/s^2 entity described: event acceleration z: Acceleration values provided by the tag for the Z axis. For acceleration values not in units of m/s^2, use 'acceleration raw z'. example: 0.453 units: m/s^2 entity described: event algorithm marked outlier: Identifies events marked as outliers using a user-selected filter algorithm in Movebank. Outliers have the value TRUE. Units: none entity described: event animal death comments: Comments about the death of the animal. example: hit by a car units: none entity described: individual animal ID: An individual identifier for the animal, provided by the data owner. If the data owner does not provide an Animal ID, an internal Movebank animal identifier is sometimes shown. example: 91876A, Gary units: none entity described: individual same as: individual local identifier animal life stage: The age class or life stage of the animal at the beginning of the deployment. Can be years or months of age or terms such as 'adult', 'subadult' and 'juvenile'. Best practice is to define units in the values if needed (e.g. '2 years'). example: juvenile, adult units: not defined entity described: deployment animal nickname: An alternate identifier for the animal. Used as the display name for animals shown in the Animal Tracker App. example: Ali units: none entity described: individual animal sex: The sex of the animal. Allowed values are m = male f = female format: controlled list entity described: individual animal taxon: The scientific name of the species on which the tag was deployed, as defined by the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS, www.itis.gov). If the species name can not be provided, this should be the lowest level taxonomic rank that can be determined and that is used in the ITIS taxonomy. Additional information can be provided using the term 'taxon detail'. example: Buteo swainsoni format: controlled list entity described: individual same as: individual taxon canonical name Argos altitude: Altitude used for location calculation, Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). example: 27 units: m entity described: event Argos best level: Best signal strength, Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). example: -117 units: dB entity described: event Argos calcul freq: Calculated frequency, Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). example: 401.6732709 units: Hz entity described: event Argos IQ: This quality indicator gives information on the transmitter in terms of two digits, X and Y. X is the first digit and indicates residual error on the frequency calculation; Y is the second digit and indicates transmitter oscillator frequency drift between two satellite passes. Values provided in Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). Values obtained through some Argos channels do not include leading 0s, so 1-digit values indicate X = 0 and blank values or values of '0' indicate both X and Y = 0. Allowed values are X = 0: No calculation of residual frequency error (fewer than four messages received) X = 1,2,3: Unsatisfactory convergence of calculation X = 4: Residual frequency error > 1.5 Hz X = 5: 0.15 Hz < residual frequency error < 1.5 Hz X = 6: Residual frequency error < 0.15 Hz Y = 0: No check on transmit frequency drift, as the two results are more than 12 hours apart Y = 1: Frequency discrepancy > 400 Hz Probably due to transmit frequency discrepancy, change of oscillator, etc Y = 2: Previous location is less than 1/2 hour old. Frequency discrepancy > 30 Hz, i.e. F/F (over 10 min) >2.5 E-8 Y = 3: Frequency drift > 4 Hz/minute, i.e. F/F (10 min) > 1.10-7 Y = 4: Frequency drift < 4 Hz/minute, i.e. F/F (10 min) < 1.10-7 Y = 5: Frequency drift < 2 Hz/minute, i.e. F/F (10 min) < 5.10-8 Y = 6: Frequency drift < 1 Hz/minute, i.e. F/F (10 min) < 2.5 . 10-8 Y = 7: Frequency drift < 0.4 Hz/minute, i.e. F/F (10 min) < 1.10-8 Y = 8: Frequency drift < 0.2 Hz/minute, i.e. F/F (10 min) < 5.10-9 example: 68 format: controlled list units: none entity described: event Argos lat1: Solution 1. platform latitude in degrees and thousandths of degrees, Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). example: 19.493 units: decimal degrees, WGS84 reference system entity described: event Argos lat2: Solution 2. platform latitude in degrees and thousandths of degrees, Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). example: 14.773 units: decimal degrees, WGS84 reference system entity described: event Argos LC: The location class retrieved from Argos (0, 1, 2, 3, A, B, Z), Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). format: controlled list units: none entity described: event Argos lon1: Solution 1. platform longitude in degrees and thousandths of degrees, Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). example: 99.712 units: decimal degrees, WGS84 reference system entity described: event Argos lon2: Solution 2. platform longitude in degrees and thousandths of degrees, Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). example: 120.286 units: decimal degrees, WGS84 reference system entity described: event Argos nb mes: The number of messages received [to calculate location], Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). example: 8 units: none entity described: event Argos nb mes 120: The number of messages received by the satellite at a signal strength greater than -120 decibels, Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). example: 2 units: none entity described: event Argos NOPC: Number of plausibility checks successful (from 0-4), Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). example: 3 units: none entity described: event Argos pass duration: Time elapsed between the first and last message received by the satellite, Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). example: 118 units: s entity described: event Argos sensor 1: The value of the first Argos sensor, Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). Units are specific to the sensor. example: 229 units: none entity described: event Argos sensor 2: The value of the second Argos sensor, Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). Units are specific to the sensor. example: 42 units: none entity described: event Argos sensor 3: The value of the third Argos sensor, Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). Units are specific to the sensor. example: 3 units: none entity described: event Argos sensor 4: The value of the fourth Argos sensor, Argos diagnostic data (definition from Argos User's Manual 2011). Units are specific to the sensor. example: 63 units: none entity described: event attachment type: The way a tag is attached to an animal. Values are chosen from a controlled list: collar = The tag is attached by a collar around the animal's neck glue = The tag is attached to the animal using glue harness = The tag is attached to the animal using a harness implant = The tag is placed under the skin of the animal tape = The tag is attached to the animal using tape other = user specified format: controlled list entity described: deployment battery charge percent: The battery charge as a percentage of full charge. example: 25 units: none (percent) entity described: event comments: Additional information about events that is not described by other event data terms. example: we observed the animal foraging (see photo BT25) units: none entity described: event data processing software: Name of the software program/s, scripts, etc. used to process raw sensor data and derive location estimates. example: BASTrack units: none entity described: deployment deploy off timestamp: The timestamp when the tag deployment ended. example: 2009-10-01 12:00:00.000 format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS units: UTC or GPS time entity described: deployment same as: deploy off date deploy on timestamp: The timestamp when the tag deployment started. example: 2008-08-30 18:00:00.000 format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS units: UTC or GPS time entity described: deployment same as: deploy on date deployment end type: A categorical classification of the tag deployment end, from a controlled list: captured = The tag remained on the animal but the animal was captured or confined dead = The deployment ended with the death of the animal that was carrying the tag equipment failure = The tag stopped working fall off = The attachment of the tag to the animal failed, and it fell of accidentally other = other released = The tag remained on the animal but the animal was released from captivity or confinement removal = The tag was purposefully removed from the animal unknown = The deployment ended by an unknown cause format: controlled list units: none entity described: deployment deployment ID: A unique identifier for the deployment of a tag on animal, provided by the data owner. If the data owner does not provide a Deployment ID, an internal Movebank deployment identifier may sometimes be shown. example: Jane-Tag42 units: none entity described: deployment event ID: An identifier for the set of values associated with each event, i.e. sensor measurement. A unique event ID is assigned to every time-location or other time-measurement record in Movebank. If multiple measurements are included within a single row of a data file, they will share an event ID. If users import the same sensor measurement to Movebank multiple times, a separate event ID will be assigned to each. example: 6340565 units: none entity described: event external temperature: The temperature measured by the tag (different from ambient temperature or internal body temperature of the animal). example: 32.1 units: degrees Celsius entity described: event GPS activity count: A value provided by some tags that can be used to generally indicate whether an animal is active. example: 209 units: none entity described: event GPS HDOP: Horizontal dilution of precision provided by the GPS. example: 1.2 units: unitless entity described: event GPS satellite count: The number of GPS satellites used to estimate the location. example: 8 units: none entity described: event GPS time to fix: The time required to obtain the GPS location fix. example: 36 units: s entity described: event GPS VDOP: Vertical dilution of precision provided by the GPS. example: 1.9 units: unitless entity described: event ground speed: The estimated ground speed provided by the sensor or calculated between consecutive locations. example: 7.22 units: m/s entity described: event GSM signal strength: An integer proportional to the GSM signal strength measured by the tag. Valid values are 0-31, or 99 for unknown or undetectable. Higher values indicate better signal strength. example: 39 units: arbitrary strength units (asu) entity described: event Gt sys week: The week number since the device was activated (definition from GeoTrak's 'PTT Decode Overview', 2014). example: 4 units: weeks entity described: event Gt tx count: The number of transmissions since last rollover (definition from GeoTrak's 'PTT Decode Overview', 2014). example: 4840 units: none entity described: event heading: The direction in which the tag is moving, in decimal degrees clockwise from north, as provided by the sensor or calculated between consecutive locations. Values range from 0-360: 0 = north, 90 = east, 180 = south, 270 = west. example: 315.88 units: degrees clockwise from north entity described: event height above ellipsoid: The estimated height above the ellipsoid, typically estimated by the tag. If altitudes are calculated as height above mean sea level, use 'height above mean sea level'. example: 24.8 units: meters entity described: event height raw: Raw values for the height of the tag above ellipsoid or mean sea level, typically estimated by the tag. Values are stored as raw text values because non-numeric characters are used or processing is required to derive the correct height estimate. Best practice is to define values in the reference data. example: 425, 2D fix units: not defined entity described: event location error text: An estimate of the horizontal error of the location estimate, typically provided in the original data file, described using more than numbers. Units should be provided in the values. (If the values are purely numeric, use 'location error numerical'.) Best practice is to define values and units using 'location error percentile' and/or 'location accuracy comments'. example: > 25 ft units: not defined entity described: event location lat: The geographic longitude of the location as estimated by the sensor. Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it. example: -41.0982423 units: decimal degrees, WGS84 reference system entity described: event location long: The geographic longitude of the location as estimated by the sensor. Positive values are east of the Greenwich Meridian, negative values are west of it. example: -121.1761111 units: decimal degrees, WGS84 reference system entity described: event manipulation type: The way in which the animal was manipulated during the deployment. Values are chosen from a controlled list: confined = The animal's movement was restricted to within a defined area none = The animal received no treatment other than the tag attachment relocated = The animal was released from a site other than the one at which it was captured manipulated other = The animal was manipulated in some other way, such as a physiological manipulation. format: controlled list entity described: deployment manually marked outlier: Identifies events flagged manually as outliers, typically using the Event Editor in Movebank, and may also include outliers identified using other methods. Outliers have the value TRUE. Units: none entity described: event Mw activity count: The activity counter value. This value increments when the PTT is moving while it is transmitting. If the activity counter is constant for two or more transmission periods (and the GPS locations are unvarying), you should consider the possibility that the PTT has become detached or the bird is down (definition from the Microwave Telemetry, Inc. Solar Argos/GPS PTT-100 Field Manual, 2012). example: 209 units: none entity described: event Mw show in KML: Used by Microwave GPS tags to flag implausible locations. Allowed values are TRUE or FALSE; implausible locations have the value FALSE. Units: none entity described: event sensor type: The type of sensor with which data were collected. All sensors are associated with a tag id, and tags can contain multiple sensor types. Each event record in Movebank is assigned one sensor type. If values from multiple sensors are reported in a single event, the primary sensor is used. Values are chosen from a controlled list: acceleration = The sensor collects acceleration data accessory measurements = The sensor collects accessory measurements, such as battery voltage Argos Doppler shift = The sensor uses Argos Doppler shift to determine position barometer = The sensor records air or water pressure bird ring = The animal is identified by a band or ring that has a unique identifier GPS = The sensor uses GPS to determine location magnetometer = The sensor records the magnetic field natural mark = The animal is identified by a unique natural marking orientation = Quaternion components describing the orientation of the tag are derived from accelerometer and gyroscope measurements radio transmitter = The sensor is a classical radio transmitter solar geolocator = The sensor collects light levels, which are used to determine position (for processed locations) solar geolocator raw = The sensor collects light levels, which are used to determine position (for raw light-level measurements) solar geolocator twilight = The sensor collects light levels, which are used to determine position (for twilights calculated from light-level measurements). format: controlled list entity described: event study name: The name of the study in Movebank. example: Coyotes, Kays and Bogan, Albany NY units: none entity described: study, event tag failure comments: Comments about tag failure. example: tag stopped transmitting 23/12/08, was not found units: none entity described: tag tag ID: A unique identifier for the tag, provided by the data owner. If the data owner does not provide a tag ID, an internal Movebank tag identifier may sometimes be shown. example: 2342 units: none entity described: tag same as: tag local identifier tag manufacturer name: The company or person that produced the tag. example: Holohil units: none entity described: tag tag model: The model of the tag. example: T61 units: none entity described: tag tag readout method: The way the data are received from the tag. Values are chosen from a controlled list: satellite = Data are transferred via satellite phone network = Data are transferred via a phone network, such as GSM or AMPS other wireless = Data are transferred via another form of wireless data transfer, such as a VHF transmitter/receiver tag retrieval = The tag must be physically retrieved in order to obtain the data. format: controlled list entity described: deployment tag voltage: The voltage as reported by the tag. example: 2895 units: mV entity described: event same as: tag battery voltage (depracated) timestamp: The date and time corresponding to a sensor measurement or an estimate derived from sensor measurements. example: 2008-08-14 18:31:00.000 format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS units: UTC or GPS time entity described: event vertical error numerical: An estimate of the vertical error of the location. These values can be described using 'location error percentile' and 'location accuracy comments'. example: 12 units: m entity described: event visible: Determines whether an event is visible on the Movebank map. Values are calculated automatically, with TRUE indicating the event has not been flagged as an outlier by 'algorithm marked outlier', 'import marked outlier' or 'manually marked outlier', or that the user has overridden the results of these outlier attributes using 'manually marked valid' = TRUE. Allowed values are TRUE or FALSE. units: none entity described: event ----------- More Information For more information about this repository, see www.movebank.org/node/15294, the FAQ at www.movebank.org/node/2220, or contact us at support@movebank.org.